Details of Antibodies to Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors
Detail Information
Purified
Rabbit Anti-mouse BLC
Catalog
Number: TP-241
Size:
Protein A purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.2 mg
Product
Description and Usage:For research use only. This
polyclonal antibody, which reacts with mouse BLC, was generated
using E. coli-expressed mouse BLC as an immunogen. The tested
titer for Western blot is
1:5,000. Cross-reactivity to BLC of other species has not been
determined.
Background:
BLC (B-lymphocyte chemoattractant, murine equivalent of
human B cell-attracting chemokine-1, BCA-1) is a 12 kDa,
recently characterized ELR-CXC chemokine. BLC showed high levels
of expression in spleen, Peyer's patches, and mesenteric lymph
nodes. It is reported as the ligand of CXCR5. It attracts
primarily B cells in vitro. Cell lines transfected with CXCR5
demonstrate both chemotaxis and calcium flux in response to BLC.
References:
1.
Gunn, M., et al. (1998) A B-cell-homing chemokine made in
lymphoid follicles activates Burkitt's lymphoma receptor-1.
Nature 391:799-803
2.
Legler, D., et al. (1998) B cell attracting chemokine 1, a human
CXC chemokine expressed in lymphoid tissues, selectively
attracts B lymphocytes via BLR1/CXCR5. J Exp Med. 187(4):655-660
Purified
Rabbit Anti-human Eotaxin
Catalog
Number: TP-214
Size:
Purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.5 mg
Product
Description and Usage: For
research use only. This polyclonal antibody, which
reacts with recombinant and natural human eotaxin, was generated
using E. coli-expressed amino acid 1-74 of mature human
eotaxin as an immunogen. The tested titer for Western
blot is 1:5,000. There is no cross-reactivity to mouse
eotaxin; cross reactivity to eotaxin of other species has not
been determined.
Background:
Eotaxin is a 74-amino acid, eosinophil-chemotactic CC chemokine
originally found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from allergic
inflammatory subjects. The chemokine is involved in regulating
the recruitment and activation of inflammatory leukocytes,
particularly eosinophils. Eotaxin binds and activates the CCR3
chemokine receptor, and may play a fundamental role in the
development of allergic responses.
References:
1.
Jose, P.J. et al. (1994) Eotaxin: a potent eosinophil
chemoattractant cytokine detected in a guinea pig model of
allergic airways inflammation. J Exp Med 179: 881-887
2.
Kitaura, M. et al. (1996) Molecular cloning of human eotaxin, an
eosinophil-selective CC chemokine, and identification of a
specific eosinophil eotaxin receptor, CC chemokine receptor 3. J
Biol Chem 271:7725-7730
3.
Garcia-Zepeda, E.A. et al. (1996) Human eotaxin is a specific
chemoattractant for eosinophil cells and provides a new
mechanism to explain tissue eosinophilia. Nat Med 2:449-456
Purified
Rabbit Anti-mouse Eotaxin
Catalog
Number: TP-215
Size:
Purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.5 mg
Product
Description and Usage:For research use only. This
polyclonal antibody, which reacts with recombinant and natural
mouse eotaxin, was generated using E. coli-expressed
amino acid 1-74 of mature mouse eotaxin as an immunogen. The
tested titer for Western blot
is 1:2,000. Cross-reactivity to eotaxin of other species has not
been determined.
Background:
Eotaxin is a 74-amino acid eosinophil-chemotactic CC chemokine
originally found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from allergic
inflammatory subjects. It is involved in regulating the
recruitment and activation of inflammatory leukocytes,
particularly eosinophils. It may play a fundamental role in the
development of allergic responses.
References:
1.
Jose, P.J. et al. (1994) Eotaxin: a potent eosinophil
chemoattractant cytokine detected in a guinea pig model of
allergic airways inflammation. J Exp Med 179: 881-887
2.
Kitaura, M. et al. (1996) Molecular cloning of human eotaxin, an
eosinophil-selective CC chemokine, and identification of a
specific eosinophil eotaxin receptor, CC chemokine receptor 3. J
Biol Chem 271:7725-7730
3.
Garcia-Zepeda, E.A. et al. (1996) Human eotaxin is a specific
chemoattractant for eosinophil cells and provides a new
mechanism to explain tissue eosinophilia. Nat Med 2:449-456
4.
Ganzalo, J.S. et al. (1996) Mouse eotaxin expression parallels
eosinophil accumulation during lung allergic inflammation but it
is not restricted to a Th2-type response. Immunity 4:1-14
Purified
Rabbit Anti-human Fractalkine
Catalog
Number: TP-213
Size:
Purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.5 mg
Product
Description and Usage:For research use only. This
neutralizing polyclonal antibody, which reacts with recombinant
and natural fractalkine of mouse, rat, and human, was generated
using E. coli-expressed chemotactic domain of human
fractalkine as an immunogen. To achieve best results, titrate
antibody by dilution for each application as follows: Western
blot (1:1,000-1:5,000); Immunoprecipitation
(1:300-1:800); Immunohistochemistry
(1:100-1:500). Cross-reactivity to fractalkine of other species
has not been determined.
Background:
Fractalkine, also known as neurotactin, is a membrane-bound
CX3C chemokine. The mature protein is part of a 397-amino acid
precursor and consists of a chemokine domain of 76 amino acids,
a mucin stalk of 241 amino acids, a putative transmembrane
domain of 18 amino acids, and an intracellular tail of 37 amino
acids. Within the chemokine domain the first two cysteine
residues are separated by 3 amino acids (CX3C). Fractalkine
message is found in high abundance in the brain, kidney, lung
and heart tissues. Fractalkine is chemotactic for monocytes and
other leukocytes including NK cells and may play a role in brain
inflammation.
References:
1.
Bazan, J.F. et al. (1997) A new class of membrane-bound
chemokine with a CX3C motif. Nature 385:640-644
2.
Pan, Y. et al. (1997) Neurotactin, a membrane-anchored chemokine
upregulated in brain inflammation. Nature 387:611-617
3.
Imai, T. et al. (1997) Identification and molecular
characterization of fractalkine receptor CX3CR1, which mediates
both leukocyte migration and adhesion. Cell 91:521-530
Size:
Protein A purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.2 mg
Product
Description and Usage:For research use only.This polyclonal antibody, which reacts with recombinant and natural human fractalkine, was generated using E. coli-expressed
intracellular domain (aa 379-397) of human fractalkine as an immunogen. This antibody has been tested on Western blot at the dilution of 1:2,000.
Cross-reactivity to fractalkine of other species has not been determined.
Background:
Fractalkine, also known as neurotactin, is a membrane-bound CX3C
chemokine. The mature protein is part of a 397-amino acid precursor and
consists of a chemokine domain of 76 amino acids, a mucin stalk of 241
amino acids, a putative transmembrane domain of 18 amino acids, and an
intracellular tail of 37 amino acids. Within the chemokine domain the
first two cysteine residues are separated by 3 amino acids (CX3C).
Fractalkine message is found in high abundance in the brain, kidney,
lung and heart tissues. Fractalkine is chemotactic for monocytes and
other leukocytes including NK cells, lymphocytes, and may play a role
in brain inflammation.
References:
1.
Bazan, J.F. et al. (1997) A new class of membrane-bound
chemokine with a CX3C motif. Nature 385:640-644
2.
Pan, Y. et al. (1997) Neurotactin, a membrane-anchored
chemokine upregulated in brain inflammation. Nature 387:611-617
3.
Imai, T. et al. (1997) Identification and molecular characterization
of fractalkine receptor CX3CR1, which mediates both leukocyte
migration and adhesion. Cell 91:521-530
Purified
Rabbit Anti-rat Fractalkine
Catalog
Number: TP-203
Size:
Purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.5 mg
Product
Description and Usage: For research use only. This
neutralizing polyclonal antibody, which reacts with recombinant
and natural rat fractalkine, was generated using E. coli-expressed
chemotactic domain of rat fractalkine as an immunogen. To
achieve best results, titrate antibody by dilution for each
application: Western blot
(1:1,000-1:2,000); Immunoprecipitation
(1:300-1:800); Immunohistochemistry
(1:100-1:500). Less than 20 % cross-reactivity to human
Fractalkine. Cross-reactivity to fractalkine of other species
has not been determined.
Background:
Fractalkine, also termed neurotactin, is a membrane-bound
CX3C chemokine. The mature protein is part of a 397-amino acid
precursor consisting of a chemokine domain (76 amino acids), a
mucin stalk of 241 residues, a putative transmembrane domain (18
amino acids), and an intracellular tail of 37 amino acids.
Within the chemokine domain the first two cysteine residues are
separated by 3 amino acids. Fractalkine message is found at high
concentrations in the brain, and also in kidney, lung and heart.
Fractalkine is chemotactic for monocytes and may play a role in
brain inflammation.
References:
1.
Bazan, J.F. et al. (1997) A new class of membrane-bound
chemokine with a CX3C motif. Nature 385:640-644
2.
Pan, Y. et al. (1997) Neurotactin, a membrane-anchored chemokine
upregulated in brain inflammation. Nature 387:611-617
3.
Harrison, J.K., et al. (1998) Role for neuronally derived
fractalkine in mediating interactions between neurons and
CX3CR1-expressing microglia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
95(18):10896-10901
Purified
Rabbit Anti-mouse Fractalkine
Catalog
Number: TP-233
Size:
Purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.5 mg
Product
Description and Usage: For research use only. This
neutralizing polyclonal antibody, which reacts with recombinant
and natural mouse fractalkine, was generated using E. coli-expressed
chemotactic domain of mouse fractalkine as an immunogen. To
achieve best results, titrate antibody by dilution for each
application: Western blot
(1:1,000-1:2,000); Immunoprecipitation
(1:300-1:800); Immunohistochemistry
(1:100-1:500). Less than 30 % cross-reactivity to human and rat
Fractalkine. Cross-reactivity to fractalkine of other species
has not been determined.
Background:
Fractalkine, also termed neurotactin, is a membrane-bound CX3C
chemokine. The mature protein is part of a 397-amino acid
precursor consisting of a chemokine domain (76 amino acids), a
mucin stalk of 241 residues, a putative transmembrane domain (18
amino acids), and an intracellular tail of 37 amino acids.
Within the chemokine domain the first two cysteine residues are
separated by 3 amino acids. Fractalkine message is found at high
concentrations in the brain, and also in kidney, lung and heart.
Fractalkine is chemotactic for monocytes and may play a role in
brain inflammation.
References:
1.
Bazan, J.F. et al. (1997) A new class of membrane-bound
chemokine with a CX3C motif. Nature 385:640-644
2.
Pan, Y. et al. (1997) Neurotactin, a membrane-anchored chemokine
upregulated in brain inflammation. Nature 387:611-617
3.
Harrison, J.K., et al. (1998) Role for neuronally derived
fractalkine in mediating interactions between neurons and
CX3CR1-expressing microglia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
95(18):10896-10901
Purified
Rabbit Anti-rat IP-10
Catalog
Number: TP240
Size:
Protein A purified rabbit IgG, 0.2 mg
Product
Description and Usage: For research use only. This
polyclonal antibody, which reacts with rat IP-10, was generated
using E. coli-expressed rat IP-10 as an immunogen. The tested
titer for Western blot is
1:5,000. Cross-reactivity to IP-10 of other species has not been
determined.
Background:
IP-10 (interferon-gamma induced protein 10 kD; in mouse, also
called cytokine responsive gene 2, Crg-2, or mob-1) is a highly
inducible, primary response gene that belongs to the CXC
chemokine superfamily. It was first cloned in 19851. The
biological functions of IP-10 are still unclear. Like Mig, IP-10
has no activity on neutrophils. Its functions include
stimulation of monocytes, natural killer and T-cell migration,
regulation of T-cell and bone marrow progenitor maturation,
modulation of adhesion molecule expression as well as inhibition
of angiogenesis. Mig and IP-10 share the same receptor,
CXCR32,3.
References:
1.
Luster, A.D., et al. (1985) Gamma-interferon transcriptionally
regulates an early-response gene containing homology to platelet
proteins. Nature 315(6021):672-676
2.
Neville, L.F., et al. (1997) The immunobiology of
interferon-gamma inducible protein 10 kD (IP-10): a novel,
pleiotropic member of the C-X-C chemokine superfamily. Cytokine
Growth Factor Rev 8(3):207-219
3.
Farber, J.M. (1997) Mig and IP-10: CXC chemokines that target
lymphocytes. J Leukoc Biol. 61:246-257
Purified
Rabbit Anti-rat KC
Catalog
Number: TP-212
Size:
Purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.5 mg
Product
Description and Usage:For research use only. This
neutralizing polyclonal antibody, which reacts with recombinant
and natural rat and mouse KC/CINC, was generated using E.
coli-expressed amino acid 1-72 of rat KC as an immunogen. To
achieve best results, titrate antibody by dilution for each
application: Western blot
(1:1,000-1:2,000); Immunoprecipitation
(1:300-1:800); Immunohistochemistry
(1:100-1:500). Cross reactivity to fractalkine of other species
has not been determined.
Background:
KC, a homolog of human and hamster gro/MGSA, is a 72-amino
acid CXC chemokine originally cloned from rat macrophages and
lung tissue. It is the mediator for recruitment and activation
of neutrophils in rat lung inflammation models. Expression of KC
can be upregulated by LPS and IL-1b
stimulation. IFN-gamma blocks LPS-induced expression of KC.
References:
1.
Huang, S. et al. (1992) Rat KC cDNA cloning and mRNA expression
in lung macrophages and fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun
184:922-929
2.
Frevert, C.W. et al. (1995) Functional characterization of the
rat chemokine KC and its importance in neutrophil recruitment in
a rat model of pulmonary inflammation.
J
Immunol 154:335-344.
3.
Ohmori, Y and Hamilton T.A. (1994) IFN-gamma selectively
inhibits lipopolysaccha-ride-inducible JE/monocyte
chemoattractant protein-1 and KC/GRO/melanoma growth-stimulating
activity gene expression in mouse peritoneal macrophages. J
Immunol 153:2204-2212
Purified
Rabbit Anti-rat LARC
Catalog
Number: TP-210
Size:
Purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.5 mg
Product
Description and Usage: For research use only. This
polyclonal antibody, which reacts with rat LARC, was generated
using E. coli-expressed amino acid 1-70 of mature rat LARC as an
immunogen. The tested titer for Western
blot is 1:2,000; a 1:500 dilution was used for immunoprecipitation.
Cross-reactivity to LARC of other species has not been
determined.
Background:
LARC (liver and activation-regulated chemokine, MIP-3a,
Exodus-1) is a 70-amino acid CC chemokine originally identified
from human histiocytic lymphoma cell line U937 and by sequence
search of the EST database. This chemokine was mainly expressed
in the liver and lung among various human tissues, and was also
induced in several human cell lines. LARC is chemotactic for
lymphocytes, weakly for neutrophils at high concentration, but
not for monocytes. The LARC specific receptor has been
identified as CCR6.
References:
1.
Hieshima, K. et al. (1997) Molecular cloning of a novel human CC
chemokine liver and activation-regulated chemokine (LARC)
expressed in liver. J. Biol. Chem. 272:5846-5853
2.
Power, C.A. et al. (1997) Cloning and characterization of a
specific receptor for the novel CC chemokine MIP-3alpha from
lung decdritic cells. J. Exp. Med. 186:825-835
3.
Rossi, D.L. (1997) Identification through bioinformatics of two
new macrophage proinflammatory human chemokines: MIP-3alpha and
MIP-3beta. J. Immunol. 158: 1033-1036
4.
Baba, M. (1997) Identification of CCR6, the specific receptor
for a novel lymphocyte-directed CC chemokine LARC. J. Biol.
Chem. 272:14893-14898
Purified
Rabbit Anti-rat Lymphotactin
Catalog
Number: TP-205
Size:
Purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.2 mg
Product
Description and Usage: For research use only. This
neutralizing polyclonal antibody, which reacts with rat
lymphotactin, was generated using E. coli-expressed amino
acid 1-92 of mature rat lymphotactin as an immunogen. The tested
titer for Western blot is
1:2,000; and 1:500 for immunoprecipitation.
Cross-reactivity to lymphotactin of other species has not been
determined.
Background:
Lymphotactin (Ltn) is the only C chemokine so far identified
which has a single cysteine near the amino terminus. It has 114
amino acids with a 22-amino acid signal peptide. Ltn is produced
in activated CD8+ T cells1 and NK cell. Ltn attracts both
T-lymphocytes and NK cells.
References:
1.
Kelner, G.S. et al. (1994) Lymphotactin: a cytokine that
represents a new class of chemokine. Science 266:1395-1399
2.
Hedrick, J.A. (1997) Lymphotactin is pproduced by NK cells and
attracts both NK cells and T cells in vivo. J Immunol
158:1533-1540
Purified
Rabbit Anti-mouse Lymphotactin
Catalog
Number: TP-204
Size:
Purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.2 mg
Product
Description and Usage: For research use only. This
neutralizing polyclonal antibody, which reacts with mouse
lymphotactin, was generated using E. coli-expressed amino acid
1-92 of mature mouse lymphotactin as an immunogen. The tested
titer for Western blot is
1:2,000; for immunoprecipitation,
use 1:500. Cross-reactivity to lymphotactin of other species has
not been determined.
Background:
Lymphotactin is the only C chemokine so far identified which
has a single cysteine residue near the amino terminus. It has
114 amino acids with a 22 amino acids signal peptide. It is
produced in activated CD8+ T cells1 and NK cell. Lymphotactin
attracts both T lymphocytes and NK cells.
References:
1.
Kelner, G.S. et al. (1994) Lymphotactin: a cytokine that
represents a new class of chemokine. Science 266:1395-1399
2.
Hedrick, J.A. et al. (1997) Lymphotactin is produced by NK cells
and attracts both NK cells and T cells in vivo. J Immunol
158:1533-1540
Purified
Rabbit Anti-rat MCP-1
Catalog
Number: TP-216
Size:
Purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.5 mg
Product
Description and Usage: For research use only. This
neutralizing polyclonal antibody, which reacts with both mouse
JE and rat MCP-1, was generated using E. coli-expressed
mature rat MCP-1 as an immunogen. The tested titer for Western
blot is 1:2,000. Cross-reactivity to MCP-1 of other
species has not been determined.
Background:
Rat MCP-1/JE (monocyte chemoattracctant protein-1) is a
148-amino acid CC chemokine with a NH2-terminal sequence of 29
residues as a signal sequence. It was originally cloned from Con
A-stimulated rat spleen cDNA library. This rat MCP-1/JE is
49-amino acid longer than human MCP-1 at 3'-end. This 3'-end is
a serine and threonine rich zone, which is probably responsible
for the extensive O-glycosylation and explains for the higher
molecular weight (25 kDa). In vitro, MCP-1/JE is chemotactic for
monocytes as well as lymphocytes and basophils, but not for
neutrophils. MCP-1/JE is produced by a wide range of cell types
as a reaction to diverse inflammatory stimuli.
References:
1.
Yoshimura,T. et al. (1991) Molecular cloning of rat monocyte
chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and its expression in rat
spleen cells and tumor cell lines. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
174:504-509
2.
Rollins, B.J. et al (1989) The human homolog of the JE gene
encodes a monocyte secretory protein. Mol Cell Biol 9:4687
3.
Haelens, A. et al. (1996) Leukocyte migration and activation by
murine chemokines. Immunobiol 195:499-521
Purified
Rabbit Anti-rat MCP-1 (1-73)
Catalog
Number: TP-209
Size:
Purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.5 mg
Product
Description and Usage: For research use only. This
neutralizing polyclonal antibody, which reacts with both mouse
JE and rat MCP-1, was generated using E. coli-expressed
N-terminal amino acid 1-73 of rat MCP-1 as an immunogen. The
tested titer for Western blot
is 1:2,000. Cross-reactivity to MCP-1 of other species has not
been determined.
Background:
Rat MCP-1/JE (monocyte chemoattracctant protein-1) is an
148-amino acid CC chemokine with a NH2-terminal sequence of 29
residues as a signal sequence. It was originally cloned from Con
A-stimulated rat spleen cDNA library. This rat MCP-1/JE is
49-amino acid longer than human MCP-1 at 3'-end. This 3'-end is
a serine and threonine rich zone, which is probably responsible
for the extensive O-glycosylation and which explains for the
higher molecular weight (25 kDa). In vitro, MCP-1/JE is
chemotactic for monocytes as well as lymphocytes and basophils,
but not for neutrophils. MCP-1/JE is produced by a wide range of
cell types as a reaction to diverse inflammatory stimuli3.
References:
1.
Yoshimura,T. et al. (1991) Molecular cloning of rat monocyte
chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and its expression in rat
spleen cells and tumor cell lines. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
174:504-509
2.
Rollins, B.J. et al (1989) The human homolog of the JE gene
encodes a monocyte secretory protein. Mol Cell Biol 9:4687
3.
Haelens, A. et al. (1996) Leukocyte migration and activation by
murine chemokines. Immunobiol 195:499-521
Purified
Rabbit Anti-mouse MDC
Catalog
Number: TP-235
Size:
Purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.2 mg
Product
Description and Usage: For research use only. This
polyclonal antibody, which reacts with both mouse and rat MDC,
was generated using E. coli-expressed mouse MDC as an
immunogen. The tested titer for Western
blot is 1:2,000. Cross-reactivity to MDC of other species
has not been determined.
Background:
MDC (macrophage-derived chemokine) is a 69-amino acid CC
chemokine with a NH2-terminal sequence of 24 residues as a
signal sequence. It was originally cloned from human monocyte-derived
macrophages. Recombinant MDC attracts monocyte-derived dendritic
cells, activated lymphocytes and natural killer cells. MDC has
anti-HIV-1 activity. Expression of MDC mRNA in macrophages is
enhanced by LPS, IL-1b and TNFa. MDC is a functional ligand for
CCR4.
References:
1.
Godiska, R. et al (1997) Human macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC),
a novel chemoattractant for monocytes, monocyte-derived
dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. J Exp Med
185:1595-1604
2.
Pal, R. et al. (1997) Inhibition of HIV-1 infection by the beta-chemokine
MDC. Science 278:695-698
3.
Rodenburg, R.J. (1998) Expression of macrophage-derived
chemokine (MDC) mRNA in macrophages is enhanced by
interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and
lipopolysaccharide. J Leukoc Biol 63:606-611
4.
Imai, T. et al. (1998) Macrophage-derived chemokine is a
functional ligand for the CC chemokine receptor 4. J biol Chem
273: 1764-1768
Purified
Rabbit Anti-rat MDC
Catalog
Number: TP-238
Size:
Protein A purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.2 mg
Product
Description and Usage: For research use only. For
research use only. This polyclonal antibody, which reacts with
rat MDC, was generated using E. coli-expressed rat MDC as an
immunogen. The tested titer for Western
blot is 1:2,000. Cross-reactivity to MDC of other species
has not been determined.
Background:
MDC (macrophage-derived chemokine) is a 69-amino acid CC
chemokine with an NH2-terminal sequence of 24 residues as a
signal sequence. It was originally cloned from human monocyte-derived
macrophages1. Recombinant MDC attracts monocyte-derived
dendritic cells, activated lymphocytes and natural killer cells.
MDC has anti-HIV-1 activity. Expression of MDC mRNA in
macrophages is enhanced by LPS, IL-1b
and TNFa. MDC is a
functional ligand for CCR44.
References:
1.
Godiska, R. et al (1997) Human macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC),
a novel chemoattractant for monocytes, monocyte-derived
dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. J Exp Med
185:1595-1604
2.
Pal, R. et al. (1997) Inhibition of HIV-1 infection by the beta-chemokine
MDC. Science 278:695-698
3.
Rodenburg, R.J. (1998) Expression of macrophage-derived
chemokine (MDC) mRNA in macrophages is enhanced by
interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and
lipopolysaccharide. J Leukoc Biol 63:606-611
4.
Imai, T. et al. (1998) Macrophage-derived chemokine is a
functional ligand for the CC chemokine receptor 4. J biol Chem
273: 1764-1768
Purified
Rabbit Anti-rat MIP-1a
Catalog
Number: TP-206
Size:
Purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.5 mg
Product
Description and Usage: For research use only. This
polyclonal antibody, which reacts with both mouse and rat
MIP-1a, was generated using E. coli-expressed amino acid
1-69 of mature rat MIP-1a as an immunogen. The dilution for Western
blot is 1:2,000; and for immunoprecipitation,
1:500. Cross-reactivity to MIP-1a of other species has not been
determined.
Background:
MIP-1a (macrophage
inflammatory protein-1 a)
is a 69-amino acid CC chemokine with a molecular weight of 7.9
kDa. MIP-1a induces
migration of monocytes/macropages, B lymphocytes, activated CD8+
T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, eosinophils3,4. MIP-1a
also stimulates basophils to release histamine, induces ICAM-1
expression, mast cell degranulation, and production of TNFa,
IL-1 and IL-6. In addition to its proinflammatory activities,
MIP-1a inhibits the
proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells in vitro and in vivo.
References:
1.
Davatelis, G. et al. (1988) Cloning and characterization of a
cDNA for murine macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP), a novel
monokine with inflammatory and chemokinetic properties. J Exp
Med 167: 1939-1944
2.
Wolpe, S.D. and Cerari, A. (1989) Macrophage inflammatory
proteins 1 and 2: members of a novel superfamily of cytokines.
FASEB J 3:2565-2573
3.
Cook, D.N. (1996) The role of MIP-1a in inflammation and
hematopoiesis. J Leukoc Biol 59:61-66
4.
Wells, T.N.C. (1996) The molecular basis of selectivity between
CC and CXC chemokines: the possibility of chemokine antagonists
as anti-inflammatory agents. Ann N Y Acad Sci 796:245-256
Purified
Rabbit Anti-rat MIP-1b
Catalog
Number: TP-207
Size:
Purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.5 mg
Product
Description and Usage:For research use only. This
neutralizing polyclonal antibody, which reacts with both mouse
and rat natural MIP-1b,
was generated using E. coli-expressed amino acids 1-69 of mature
rat MIP-1b as an
immunogen. The tested titer for Western
blot is 1:2,000; and 1:500 for immunoprecipitation.
Neutralization with this
antibody has been tested in vitro. Cross-reactivity to MIP-1b
of other species has not been determined.
Background:
MIP-1b (macrophage
inflammatory protein-1 b)
is a 69-amino acid CC chemokine with a molecular weight of 7.8
kDa. MIP-1b induces
migration of monocytes/macropages, and activate CD4+ cells, but
not NK cells and eosinophils.
References:
1.
Sherry, B., et al. (1988) Resolution of the two components of
macrophage inflammatory protein 1, and cloning and
characterization of one of those components, macrophage
inflammatory protein 1-beta. J. Exp. Med. 168:2251-2259
2.
Minano, F.J. et al. (1996) Macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta
(MIP-1beta) produced endogenously in brain during E. coli fever
in rats. Eur. J. Neurosci. 8:424-428
3.
Wolpe, S.D. and Cerari, A. (1989) Macrophage inflammatory
proteins 1 and 2: members of a novel superfamily of cytokines.
FASEB J 3:2565-2573
4.
Wells, T.N.C. (1996) The molecular basis of selectivity between
CC and CXC chemokines: the possibility of chemokine antagonists
as anti-inflammatory agents. Ann N Y Acad Sci 796:245-256
Purified
Rabbit Anti-rat MIP-2
Catalog
Number: TP-208
Size:
Purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.5 mg
Product
Description and Usage: For research use only. This
neutralizing polyclonal antibody, which reacts with both mouse
and rat MIP-2, was generated using E. coli-expressed
amino acid 1-69 of mature rat MIP-2 as an immunogen. The tested
titer for Western blot is
1:2,000; for immunoprecipitation
is 1:500. Cross-reactivity to MIP-2 of other species has not
been determined.
Background:
Rat MIP-2 (macrophage inflammatory protein-2) is a 69-amino
acid CXC chemokine originally cloned from LPS-stimulated rat
lung. MIP-2 is induced during acute inflammation in rat models
of disease. It is a potent neutrophil chemotactic factor both in
vitro and in vivo.
References:
1.
Dreiscoll, K.E. et al. (1995) Cloning, expression, and
functional characterization of rat MIP-2: a neutrophil
chemoattractant and epithelial cell mitogen. J Leukoc Biol
58:359-364
2.
Wolpe, S.D. et al. (1989) Macrophage inflammatory proteins 1 and
2: members of a novel superfamily of cytokines. FASEB J. 3:
2565-2573. Review
3.
Sherry, B. et al. (1992) Macrophage inflammatory proteins 1 and
2: an overview. Cytokines 4:117-130
4.
Feng, L. et al. (1995) Modulation of neutrophil influx in
glomerulonephritis in the rat with anti-macrophge inflammatory
protein-2 (MIP-2) antibody. J Clin Invest 95: (1009-1017)
5.
Frevert, C.W. et al. (1995) Functional characterization of rat
chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein 2. Inflammation 19:
133-142
Purified
Rabbit Anti-rat RANTES
Catalog
Number: TP-211
Size:
Purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.5 mg
Product
Description and Usage: For research use only. This
polyclonal antibody, which reacts with both mouse and rat RANTES,
was generated using E. coli-expressed amino acid 1-70 of
mature rat RANTES as an immunogen. The tested titer for Western
blot is 1:1,000. Cross-reactivity to RANTES of other
species has not been determined.
Background:
RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed
and secreted) is a 70-amino acid CC chemokine originally cloned
from T cell-specific sequences-enriched cDNA libraries. Both
human and murine RANTES are chemotactic for monocytes. Human
RANTES is also a chemoattractant for T cells and eosinophils, as
well as an activator of basophils for histamine release. In
contrast to other CC chemokines, RANTES is only slowly expressed
after activation of leukocytes. It is involved in a number of
pathological conditions like chronic inflammation and autoimmune
diseases.
References:
1.
Schall, T.J. (1988) A human T cell-specific molecule is a member
of a new gene family. J Immunol. 141:1018-1025
2.
Schall, T. et al. (1992) Molecular cloning and expression of the
murine RANTES cytokine: structural and functional conservation
between mouse and man. Eur J Immunol 22:1477
3.
Neilson,E.G., et al. (1992) Isolation and characterization of
cDNA from renal tubular epithelium encoding murine Rantes: A
small intercrine from the Scy superfamily. Kidney Int.
41:220-225
4.
Haelens, A. et al., (1996) Leukocyte migration and activation by
murine chemokines. Immunobiol. 195:499-521
Purified
Rabbit Anti-mouse SDF-1a
Catalog
Number: TP-201
Size:
Purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.2 mg
Product
Description and Usage: For research use only. This
polyclonal antibody, which reacts with both mouse and rat SDF-1a,
was generated using E. coli-expressed mouse SDF-1a
as an immunogen. The tested titer for Western
blot is 1:1,000, immunoprecipitation,
1:300-500; and immunohistochemistry,
1:100-500. Cross-reactivity to SDF-1a of other species has not
been determined.
Background:
SDF-1a (stromal
cell-derived factor-a),
also known as pre-B-cell growth-stimulating factor (PBSF), is a
70-amino acid CXC chemokine originally cloned from a bone marrow
stromal cell line. Targeted deletion of SDF-1 gene resulted in
defects of B-cell lymphopoiesis and bone marrow myelopoiesis.
SDF-1 has been shown to be chemotactic for lymphocytes. In
addition, SDF-1 was recently reported to be a ligand for CXCR4 (LESTR/fusin),
a co-receptor for HIV-1 entry into T cells. SDF-1 binding to
CXCR4 inhibits HIV-1 entry.
References:
1.
Tashiro, K. et al. (1993) Signal sequence trap: a cloning
strategy for secreted proteins and type I membrane proteins.
Science 261:600-603.
2.
Nagasawa, T et al. (1994) Molecular cloning and structure of a
pre-B-cell growth-stimulating factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
91:2305-2309.
3.
Nagasawa, T. et al. (1996) Defeats of B-cell lymphopoiesis and
bone-marrow myelopoiesis in mice lacking the CXC chemokine PBSF/SDF-1.
Nature 328:635-638.
4.
Bleul. C.C. et al. (1996) A highly efficacious lymphocyte
chemoattractant, stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1). J. EXP.
Med. 184:1101-1109.
5.
Bleul. C.C. et al. (1996) The lymphocyte chemoattractant SDF-1
is a ligand for LESTR/fusin and blocks HIV-1 entry. Nature
382:829-833.
6.
Oberlin E. et al. (1996) The CXC chemokine SDF-1 is the ligand
for LESTR/fusin and prevents infection by C-cell-line-adapted
HIV-1. Nature 382:833-835.
Purified
Rabbit Anti-rat SDF-1b
Catalog
Number: TP-202
Size:
Purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.2 mg
Product
Description and Usage: For research use only. This
polyclonal antibody, which reacts with both mouse and rat SDF-1b,
was generated using E. coli-expressed mouse SDF-1b
as an immunogen. The tested titer for Western
blot is 1:1,000, immunoprecipitation,
1:300-500; and immunohistochemistry,
1:100-500. Cross-reactivity to SDF-1b of other species has not
been determined.
Background:
SDF-1b (stromal
cell-derived factor-b),
also known as pre-B-cell growth-stimulating factor (PBSF), is a
74-amino acid CXC chemokine originally cloned from a bone marrow
stromal cell line. Targeted deletion of SDF-1 gene resulted in
defects of B-cell lymphopoiesis and bone marrow myelopoiesis in
mice. SDF-1 has been shown to be chemotactic for lymphocytes. In
addition, SDF-1 was recently reported to be a ligand for CXCR4 (LESTR/fusin),
a co-receptor for HIV-1 entry into T cells. SDF-1 binding to
CXCR4 inhibits HIV-1 entry.
References:
1.
Tashiro, K. et al. (1993) Signal sequence trap: a cloning
strategy for secreted proteins and type I membrane proteins.
Science 261:600-603.
2.
Nagasawa, T et al. (1994) Molecular cloning and structure of a
pre-B-cell growth-stimulating factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
91:2305-2309.
3.
Nagasawa, T. et al. (1996) Defeats of B-cell lymphopoiesis and
bone-marrow myelopoiesis in mice lacking the CXC chemokine PBSF/SDF-1.
Nature 328:635-638.
4.
Bleul. C.C. et al. (1996) A highly efficacious lymphocyte
chemoattractant, stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1). J. EXP.
Med. 184:1101-1109.
5.
Bleul. C.C. et al. (1996) The lymphocyte chemoattractant SDF-1
is a ligand for LESTR/fusin and blocks HIV-1 entry. Nature
382:829-833.
6.
Oberlin E. et al. (1996) The CXC chemokine SDF-1 is the ligand
for LESTR/fusin and prevents infection by C-cell-line-adapted
HIV-1. Nature 382:833-835.
Purified
Rabbit Anti-rat SLC
Catalog
Number: TP-239
Size:
Protein A purified rabbit IgG, 0.2 mg
Product
Description and Usage: For research use only. This
polyclonal antibody, which reacts with rat SLC, was generated
using E. coli-expressed rat SLC as an immunogen. The tested
titer for Western blot is
1:5,000. Cross-reactivity to SLC of other species has not been
determined.
Background:
SLC (secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine, also called 6Ckine,
TCA4, Exodus-2) is a 111-amino acid (human; 110 a.a. for mouse)
CC chemokine with an NH2-terminal sequence of 23 residues as a
signal sequence. It was originally cloned in 1997. Recombinant
SLC attracts T-, B- cells, mature dendritic cell, but did not
induce any cell migration in neutrophils or monocytes. SLC is a
functional ligand for CCR7.
References:
1.
Hedreck, J.A., et al. (1997) Identification and characterization
of a novel beta chemokine containing six conserved cysteines. J
Immunol. 159:1589-1593
2.
Tanabe, S., et al. (1997) Identification of a new mouse b-chemokine,
thymus-derived chemotactic agent 4, with activity on T
lymphocytes and mesangial cells. J Immunol. 159:5671-5679
3.
Yoshie, O. et al. (1997) Novel lymphocyte-specific CC chemokines
and their receptors. J Leukoc Biol. 62:634-644
4.
Chan, V.W., et al. (1999) Secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine (SLC)
is chemotactic for mature dendritic cells. Blood. 93:3610-3616
5.
Campbell, J.J., et al. (1998) 6-C-kine (SLC), a lymphocyte
adhesion-triggering chemokine expressed by high endothelium, is
an agonist for the MIP-3b receptor CCR7. J Cell Biol.
141:1053-1059
Purified
Rabbit Anti-rat CX3CR1
Catalog
Number: TP-501
Size:
Purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.2 mg
Product
Description and Usage: For research use only. This
neutralizing polyclonal antibody, which reacts with recombinant
and natural rat CX3CR1, was generated using E. coli-expressed
rat CX3CR1 amino terminal domain as an immunogen. The
neutralization function was determined in calcium mobilization
assays. To achieve best results, titrate antibody by dilution
for each application: Western blot
(1:1,000-1:2,000); immunoprecipitation
(1:300-1:800); immunohistochemistry
(1:100-1:500). Cross reactivity to CX3CR1 of other species has
not been determined.
Background:
Fractalkine, also termed neurotactin, is a membrane-bound CX3C
chemokine. Rat CX3CR1, also named RBS11, was first cloned from
rat brainstem, pituitary and/or spinal cord cDNA libraries. A
G-protein-coupled seven-transmembrane domain receptor, it was
recently identified to serve as fractalkine receptor. The human
equivalent receptor is known as V28, which has been shown to
mediate both the adhesive and migratory functions of fractalkine.
Fractalkine and CX3CR1 represent new types of leukocyte
trafficking regulators.
References:
1.
Bazan, J.F. et al. (1997) A new class of membrane-bound
chemokine with a CX3C motif. Nature 385:640-644
2.
Harrison, J.K. et al. (1994) cDNA cloning of a G-protein-coupled
receptor expressed in rat spinal cord and brain related to
chemokine receptors. Neurosci Lett 169:85-89
3.
Imai, T. et al. (1997) Identification and molecular
characterization of fractalkine receptor CX3CR1, which mediates
both leukocyte migration and adhesion. Cell 91:521-530
Purified
Rabbit Anti-human CX3CR1
Catalog
Number: TP502
Size:
Purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.2 mg
Product
Description and Usage:For research use only. This
polyclonal antibody, which reacts with recombinant and natural
human and rat CX3CR1, was generated using E. coli-expressed
human CX3CR1 amino terminal domain as an immunogen. To achieve
best results, titrate antibody by dilution for each application:
Western blot
(1:2,000-1:5,000); immunoprecipitation
(1:300-1:800); immunohistochemistry
(1:100-1:500). Cross reactivity to CX3CR1 of other species has
not been determined.
Background:
Fractalkine, also termed neurotactin, is a membrane-bound
CX3C chemokine1. human CX3CR1, also named V28, was
first cloned from human genomic DNA libraries2. A
G-protein-coupled seven-transmembrane domain receptor, it was
recently identified to serve as fractalkine receptor3,4.
Human CX3CR1 has been shown to mediate both the adhesive and
migratory functions of fractalkine. Fractalkine and CX3CR1
represent new types of leukocyte trafficking regulators.
References:
1.
Bazan, J.F. et al. (1997) A new class of membrane-bound
chemokine with a CX3C motif. Nature 385:640-644
2.
Harrison, J.K. et al. (1994) cDNA cloning of a G-protein-coupled
receptor expressed in rat spinal cord and brain related to
chemokine receptors. Neurosci Lett 169:85-89
3.
Imai, T. et al. (1997) Identification and molecular
characterization of fractalkine receptor CX3CR1, which mediates
both leukocyte migration and adhesion. Cell 91:521-530
4.
Combadiere, C. et al. (1998) Identification of CX3CR1. A
chemotactic receptor for the human CX3C chemokine fractalkine
and a fusion coreceptor for HIV. J Biol Chem 273(37):23799-23804
Purified
Rabbit Anti-rat CXCR4
Catalog
Number: TP-503
Size:
Purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.2 mg
Product
Description and Usage: For research use only. This
polyclonal antibody, which reacts with both rat and mouse CXCR4,
was generated using E. coli-expressed rat CXCR4 as an
immunogen. The tested titer for Western
blot is 1:2,000. Cross-reactivity to CXCR4 of other
species has not been determined.
Background:
CXCR4 (fusin) is a members in the seven-transmembrane domain
G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor family. The full-length
cDNA was isolated from a human spleen cDNA library1. Its ligand
is chemokine stroma-derived factor (SDF). CXCR4 has been shown
to be the co-receptor for HIV-1 binding to CD4 through the viral
envelope glycoprotein gp1202. In other cases, CXCR4 can function
as the only receptor for the interaction of HIV-2 with CD4 and
host cells3. A mouse monoclonal antibody (12G5) to CXCR4 has
been shown to inhibit HIV infectivity and HIV-induced syncytium.
References:
1.
Federsppiel, B. et al. (1993) Molecular cloning of the cDNA and
chromosomal localization of the gene for a putative seven-transmembrane
segment (7-TMS) receptor isolated form human spleen. Genomics 16
(3): 707-12
2.
Nagasawa, T. et al. (1998) A novel CXC chemokine PBSF/SDF-1 and
its receptor CXCR4: their functions in development,
hematopoiesis and HIV. Semin Immunol 10 (3): 179-85
3.
Mcknight, A. et al. (1997) Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency
Virus Fusion by a Monoclonal Antibody to a Coreceptor (CXCR4) Is
both Cell Type and Virus Strain Dependent. J. Virol., 71 (2):
1692-1696
Purified
Rabbit Anti-human C3a receptor
Catalog
Number: TP-504
Size:
Purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.2 mg
Product
Description and Usage: For research use only. This
polyclonal antibody, which reacts with the human C3a receptor,
was generated using E. coli-expressed human C3a receptor
fragment (amino acids 161-332, corresponding to its second
extracellular loop) as an immunogen. The antibody recognizes C3a
receptor expressed in leukocytes and in transfected cells using flow
cytometry.
Background:
C3a is an anaphylatoxin generated through activation of the
complement C3. C3a is a potent chemoattractant for phagocytes,
and it stimulates chemotaxis and other leukocyte functions. C3a
binds to eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, and differentiated
U937 cells, that all express receptors for C3a on their cell
surface. The C3a receptor has been cloned and shown to be a G
protein-coupled receptor with seven putative transmembrane
domains1,2. This receptor is characterized for its
large extracellular loop between the fourth and fifth
transmembrane domains3. The loop can be readily
detected using the rabbit anti-C3a receptor antibody.
References:
1.
Crass, T, et al. (1996) Expression cloning of the human C3a
anaphylatoxin receptor (C3aR) from differentiated U-937 cells.
Eur. J. Immunol. 26:1944-50.
2.
Ames, R.S., et al. (1996) Molecular cloning and characterization
of the human anaphylatoxin C3a receptor. J. Biol. Chem.
23:20231-4.
3.
Roglic S. et al., (1996) cDNA cloning of a novel G
protein-coupled receptor with a large extracellular loop
structure. Biochim. Bioiphys. Acta 1305:39-43.
Purified
Rabbit Anti-KSHV GPCR
Catalog
Number: TP-505
Size:
Purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.2 mg
Product
Description and Usage: For research use only. This
polyclonal antibody, which reacts with the KSHV GPCR, was
generated using an E. coli-expressed KSHV GPCR N-terminal
fragment (amino acids 1-41) as immunogen. The antibody
recognizes the KSHV GPCR expressed in transfected cells using flow
cytometry.
Background:
Kaposi's carcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV, or human
herpesvirus 8, HHV8), is a gamma herpesvirus that contain an
open reading frame encoding a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)
with putative 7 transmembrane domains. This GPCR has been shown
to bind a number of chemokines including IL-8, NAP-2, PF-4, MGSA/Groa,
I-309, RANTES, MCP-1, and MIP-1b1.
The receptor is constitutively activated without chemokine
binding, and it stimulates cell proliferation1. KSHV GPCR is
also a viral oncogene that stimulates angio-genesis through
induction of VEGF expression2. IP-10, a chemokine,
can inhibit constitutively activated KSHV GPCR3.
References:
1. 1.
Arvanitakis L., et al. (1997) Human herpesvirus KSHV encodes a
constitutively activated G-protein-coupled receptor linked to
cell proliferation. Nature 385:347-350.
2.
Bais, C., et al. (1998) C-protein-coupled receptor for Kaposi's
carcoma-associated herpesvirus is a viral oncogene and
angiogenesis activator. Nature 391:86-89.
3.
Geras-Raaka, E., et al. (1998) Human interferon-gamma-inducible
protein (IP-10) inhibits constitutive signaling of Kaposi's
carcoma-associated herpesvirus G protein-coupled receptor. J.
Exp. Med. 188:405-408.
